[#東洋史] Tracing a Manchurian lineage through Chinese literature & Genetic science
Tracing a Manchurian lineage through (1)Chinese literature & (2)Genetic science
: my answer to "Manchus made up of less than 1 percent of the Chinese population and a Manchu family ruled them-How many Han Chinese were Qing loyalists?"
Tracing a Manchurian lineage through Chinese literature and genetic science look like this :
1.genetic lineage
Genetic testing of Manchu dynasty descendants results haplogroup C3b1a3a2-F8951(C3b recent named C2b).1) So then who corresponds to haplogroup C3 in China?
Article named 「Genetic Diversity of Seventeen Y-STR Loci among the People with the Surname Kong from Qufu Prefecture(曲阜地区孔姓人群 17 个 Y-STR 基因座遗传多态性分析)」 indicates "Both C3 and Q1a1 exhibited a mono-ancestor diffusion structure, indicating that either of them may be the haplogroup of Confucius, Kongzi (孔子)". According to the another Chinese data indicates that C3 is more likely to be the case with 46% of the cases and Q1a1 with 27%. Nevertheless, the reason why the Chinese can't say for sure that it is definitely C3 is due to the dirty side of Chinese history making politics.2)3)
2. literature evidence
The Surname of Kongzi(孔子) is 子姓 孔氏. Father of Kongzi, Shuliang He(叔梁紇; 孔紇) was originally 子姓 宋氏 but changed to 子姓 孔氏. 4)5)
The surname Song(宋氏) originally began when Weizi of Song(宋微子), the eldest son of the king of the Shang Dynasty(商), Di Yi(帝乙), founded the Song(宋) and made the Song his surname.
Kongzi(孔子)'s ancestor was Weizhong(微仲), the second brother of King Zhou(紂王), the last king of the Shang Dynasty. Kongzi(Confucius; 孔子) was the fifteenth generation of Weizhong(微仲).
So how do Confucius(Kongzi; 孔子), descendants of the Shang Dynasty, connect with the Manchurian Aisin Gioro?
According to the 「Researches on Manchu Origins(滿洲源流考)」, compiled under the order of the 6th Qing Dynasty Qianlong Emperor, it is argued that the line is connected to Sushen, Buyeo, Yilou, Samhan, Baekje, Silla, Malgal, Balhae, and Jurchen.
Which was the first country to teach in official Korean History book? It's Gojoseon. But is the myth of Gojoseon true?
According to the 'Samguk Sagi(三國史記)', the six surnames of Gojoseon were Rhee(李氏), Choi(崔氏), Jeong(鄭氏), Son(孫氏), Bae(裵氏), and Seol(薛氏). The 'Samguk Yusa’ quotes 'Dangun Wangguam(壇君王儉)’ from the 'Book of Wei(魏書)’. However, there is no matching record in the 'Wei Book(魏書)’, the 'Wei Zhi(魏志)’, or the written 'Wei Xuan(魏略)’. The Wei Book(魏略), which someone brought to the Korean peninsula, has a record of "Dangun Wangguam", which shows that this was common knowledge on the Korean peninsula at the time.
Rhee(李氏) is a surname of the Tang emperor. The earliest record of the Rhee surname is from the 22nd year of Silla King Gyeongdeok(景德王)(763). Bae(裵氏) first appeared in 608 as the surname of an envoy sent by the Sui Dynasty to Japan. The Tang Dynasty's general to Silla was named 薛仁貴, the first Seol(薛氏) surname to appear in Korean-Japanese records. Son(孫氏) is a representative Tang Dynasty surname in the 'Son Goku' novels, which imitated 'Hanuman' from Buddhism in the context of the popularity of Tang Dynasty historical novel culture. These surnames are identical to the Sui-Tang(隋唐) period surnames of Chinese and do not appear in Korean-Japanese records for 700 years from the record of Yuri of Silla(儒理尼師今, 32 CE) in the Samguk Sagi.6)7)
Now, we can see that Gojoseon is a fake history fabricated by Chinese immigrants. Who is the actual founder of the Korean History? It's Gija Joseon(箕子朝鮮). So who's the Gija(箕子, Korean pronounce: Gija ; Chinese pronounce: Jizi). Jizi(=Gija) was the younger brother of Shang dynasty of Di Yi(帝乙).
We can know the Chinese history narrative trick.
According to Chinese history books, the king of Joseon(朝鮮王準) appointed Wiman(衛滿) and was betrayed and moved south. What is strange, however, is the description that "the king of Joseon runs away to Mahan". Obviously, the description that it was in the south of Jin(辰) before Gija Joseon(箕子朝鮮) moved was in a previous description. However, it is said that Han(韓) suddenly appeared in the south, and Giza Joseon(箕子朝鮮) moved to Han(韓) and founded the country(馬韓). The true is that Giza Joseon moved and Han(韓) was founded, but the Chinese manipulated the history book saying that Han(韓) existed before Giza Joseon(箕子朝鮮).8)
Other historical records also show the migration of real Shang people and the migration of Chinese who lied that they were Shang people.
Chinese history books are often intentional about presenting Goguryeo, Baekje, and Silla as a Shang(商) state. For example, there is no matching account in the Book of Wei(魏書), which is cited as the source of the Dangun Wangguam(壇君王儉) legend, so it is likely that the Silla people were deceived by a fabricated version of the Book of Wei(魏書) brought by Chinese migrants to Silla at the time. The Book of Jin(晉書) first claim that the king of Jin(辰) was "always" Mahan(馬韓). However, Korean and Japanese sources clearly show that there were periods when the king of Jin(辰) was not a Mahan(馬韓). Nevertheless, the Chinese claimed that "Mahan(馬韓) was always the king of Jinhan(辰韓)" because it was advantageous for Chinese propagate to manipulate the Silla(新羅) Lines as descendants of Han(韓), who were descendants of the Shang Dynasty(商) Lines.
Written in 864(咸通 5年), the Taitang Kim's Cemeteries(大唐故金氏夫人墓銘) reveals that the Silla royal family claimed to be descended from the Shaohao Jintian(少昊金天) linage.
At least, it can be understood as a historical indicator of the changing power relations within Silla at the time it was written. This historical manipulation facilitated the Chinese migration to the Korean Peninsula. The six surnames of Gojoseon correspond to the surnames of royalty, officials, and generals of the Tang Dynasty(唐朝), and according to the genealogy in the New Tang Book(新唐書), the Rhee(李氏) surname descended from the Shaohao(少昊) lineage.
Therefore, it is presumed that during the fall of Goguryeo and Baekje, the Silla Kim royal family mistook the Tang Rhee royal family for their kinsman, and to facilitate the migration of Tang people to Silla, they allowed the Chinese to distort history by claiming to be Gojoseon people. The earliest record of the Silla Kims appears in the Talhae Isageum(脫解尼師今), and while there is evidence that the Kim were of Southern kind of descent, the Silla Kim of Tang Era claimed to be descendants of the Shaohao(少昊).
The reason for this is that the Late Silla royal family was originally Mo(募) surname, but imitated the existing orthodox Kim(金) surname. Mo(募) is assumed to mean Mohan(慕韓), which appears in other Book of Song(宋書) records, making the Kim descend from the Mahan.
There are records that Silla was founded by Goguryeo people, and when Park Jesang and the Silla prince were fleeing from Goguryeo, they removed the arrowheads and then attacked Silla prince, most likely because the Goguryeo people were faked into thinking that the royal family of Silla was the same as that of Goguryeo.
Therefore, the "Unification of Three Han(三韓一統)" expressed by the Late Silla Kim royal family means that Silla destroyed Goguryeo and Baekje and rescued and unified the Han(韓) ethnic people, who were the subjects of Baekje and Goguryeo. In this process, Silla united with the Tang Empire of Rhee(李), which was deceived into thinking that they were related to the Shaohao(少昊) linage, and destroyed Goguryeo and Baekje, which were not related to the perspective of the Late Silla Kim dynasty.
The Korean cult of Dangun-Joseon(壇君朝鮮) is a symbol that has been actively promoted in response to nationalist ideas to identify a national ancestor. However, Dangun(壇君) was not revered as a national ancestor in pre-modern Goreyo-Joseon society. The Joseon Dynasty actively worshipped Jizi(箕子), who is claimed to have first brought Confucianism to the Korean Peninsula, a religion that worships the ancestors of the Korean noble and royal classes, not Dangun, and Dangun was dismissed as a nonsense. Japanese scholar such as Shiratori Kurakichi(白鳥庫吉), Naka Michiyo(那珂通世), Imanishi Ryu(今西龍), through the "Fabrication of Dangun legend" suggests that the legend of Dangun may have been formed as early as the 13th century. It is likely that the legend of Dangun was created in the 13th century by the Tang related people ruling class of Goryeo, represented by the Rhee(李) clan, to deceive the ruled class of Goryeo, whose history was fabricated, for the purpose of propaganda.
「The Y-chromosome haplogroup C3*-F3918, likely attributed to the Mongol Empire, can be traced to a 2500-year-old nomadic group」
Ye Zhang1 ● Xiyan Wu1 ● Jiawei Li1 ● Hongjie Li1 ● Yongbin Zhao2 ● Hui Zhou1,3
According to the above article, the Y-chromosome haplogroup C3*-F3918, likely attributed to the Mongol Empire, can be traced to a 2500-year-old nomadic group. The Y-chromosome haplogroup C3*-F3918, likely attributed to the Mongol Empire, can be traced to a 2500-year-old nomadic group.9) And, Mongolia once made a woman of Gi clan(奇皇后) from Korea as an emperor's queen. Gi is a surname originating from Mahan. It is a mistake to think that East Asians, who are not Chinese, are uncivilized. Should be careful not to recognize history only from the Chinese view of history.
This work is licensed under CC BY-ND 4.0
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