예제) Cars That Think
Cars That Think
Thanks to modem technology, humans have less to do. But what would it be like if machines drove our cars for us? What if cars could drive us to work while we read the newspaper or worked on the computer? This may sound like science fiction. In fact, driverless cars are already on the roads and could soon end up at a dealer near you.
단어장
Data / ˈdeɪ tə, ˈdæt ə / (n.) [uncountable, plural] facts or information, especially when examined and used to find out things or to make decisions
1640s, "a fact given or granted," classical plural of datum, from Latin datum "(thing) given," neuter past participle of dare "to give" (from PIE root *do- "to give"). In classical use originally "a fact given as the basis for calculation in mathematical problems." From 1897 as "numerical facts collected for future reference."
The meaning "transmittable and storable information by which computer operations are performed" is recorded by 1946. Data-processing is from 1954; data-base (also database) "structured collection of data in a computer" is by 1962; data-entry is by 1970.
ex)
Its computer uses GPS and other data to drive the car safely to its destination.
If my computer turns off by accident, I don't worry about losing my work because the data is already saved.
data on something / Researchers analyzed the data on 2515 patient visits at the Children's Hospital.
data for something / Table1 provides data for southeast Nebraska.
Multiple data collection methods were used.
(specialist) These data show that most cancers are detected as a result of clinical follow-up.
Limitation / ˌlɪm ɪˈteɪ ʃən / (n.) [uncountable] the act or process of limiting or controlling somebody/something
ex)
Drivers can make bad judgments, get sleepy, and run red lights, but robots don't. Although driverless cars sound perfect, there are limitations.
If you don't pay for a membership to the website, you can't read all the articles. There's a limitation on how much information you can access without paying
Obey / oʊˈbeɪ / (v.) to do what you are told or expected to do
ex)
All you need to do is tell it where to go and how you want to drive. Select "cautious," and it will obey the speed limit. Or choose "aggressive" and drive faster.
The police expect drivers to obey the speed limit on highways. If drivers go too fast, they may get a ticket.
Obstacle / ˈɒb stə kəl / (n.) a situation, an event, etc. that makes it difficult for you to do or achieve something
ex)
Cameras can see for us at night and steer cars around obstacles to avoid accidents.
Sand is a real obstacle when driving in the desert. It makes it difficult to control the speed and direction of the car.
Occur / əˈkɜr / (v.) [intransitive] to happen
ex)
A car that is following the speed limit could cause more accidents. In addition, if an accident does occur, who it to blame? Do you blame the driver? The car? The car manufacturer?
Even though cars have headlights, accidents are more likely to occur at night because drivers can't see as well
Respond / rɪˈspɒnd / (v.) [intransitive, transitive] (rather formal) to give a spoken or written answer to somebody/something
ex)
In a hands-free car, people can respond to email without worrying about hitting another car. Also, driverless cars would use less fuel. They don't need to be as heavy because they are less likely to crash.
My boss expects me to respond to his emails right away. If he doesn't hear from me, he gets upset.
Sense / sɛns / (n.) [singular] sense (of something) an understanding about something; an ability to judge something
ex)
A prototype driverless car has sensors and cameras to give the car a 360-degree "eye" to sense its full environment.
In many buildings, the light can sense when people enter a room, and they turn on by themselves.
Manufacturer / ˌmæn yəˈfæk tʃər ər / (n.) a person or company that produces goods in large quantities
ex)
According to car manufacturers, the benefits of hands-free are significant. For one, driverless cars can improve safety. In the United States, over 90 percent of car accidents are the result of human error.
The car manufacturer has decided to build a car that runs on gasoline and electricity because its customers want vehicles that use less fuel.
The benefits of / ˈbɛn ə fɪts / (phr.) [formal] a helpful or good effect, or something intended to help
Benefit / ˈbɛn ə fɪts / (n.) "financial support (especially for medical expenses) to which one is entitled through employment or membership," 1895.
late 14c., benefet, "good or noble deed; helpful or friendly action," also "a beneficial thing; advantage, profit," from Anglo-French benfet (Old French bienfait), from Latin benefactum"good deed," from bene facere, from bene "well" (see bene-) + facere "to do" (from PIE root *dhe- "to set, put"). The meaning "public performance or entertainment to raise money for some deserving unfortunate person or charitable cause" is from 1680s.
ex)
Having flexibility and enjoying comfort are two of the benefits of driving to work. But a disadvantage is getting stuck in traffic.
She drinks a lot less now, to the benefit of her health as a whole
Mop / mɒp / (n.) a tool for washing floors that has a long handle with soft material or a bunch of thick strings at the end (v.) to rub, wipe, clean, or remove with a mop (often followed by up ); to clean or wipe with or as if with a mop
Mow / moʊ / (v.) mow (something) to cut grass, etc. using a machine or tool with a special blade (= sharp cutting edge) or blades; to cut down (grass, grain, etc.) with a scythe or a machine.
ex)
Machines make our coffee in the morning and clean our dishes. Robots do the vacuuming, mop the floors, and mow our yards hands-free.
Anticipate / ænˈtɪs əˌpeɪt / (v.) to expect something; to see what might happen in the future and take action to prepare for it
1530s, "to cause to happen sooner," a back-formation from anticipation, or else from Latin anticipatus, past participle of anticipare "take (care of) ahead of time," literally "taking into possession beforehand," from anti, an old form of ante "before" (from PIE root *ant- "front, forehead," with derivatives meaning "in front of, before") + capere "to take" (from PIE root *kap- "to grasp").
Later "prevent or preclude by prior action" (c. 1600) and "be aware of (something) coming at a future time" (1640s). Used in the sense of "expect, look forward to" since 1749, but anticipate has an element of "prepare for, forestall" that, etymologically, should prevent its being used as a synonym for expect. Related: Anticipated; anticipating.
Pull off / ˈpʊlˌɔf, -ˌɒf / (v. phr.) (of a vehicle or its driver) to leave the road in order to stop for a short time; (informal) to succeed in doing something difficult
ex)
For instance, automated cars cannot anticipate the unexpected like humans can. They might not recognize when a police officer tells traffic to stop or pull off the road.
The inn is well worth a pull-off from the Interstate.
We pulled off the deal.
I never thought you'd pull it off.
anticipate something / We don't anticipate any major problems.
Our anticipated arrival time is 8.30.
The eagerly anticipated movie will be released next month.
anticipate doing something / They anticipate moving to bigger premises by the end of the year.
anticipate something doing something / I don't anticipate it being a problem.
anticipate that… / We anticipate that sales will rise next year.
it is anticipated that… / It is anticipated that inflation will stabilize at 3 per cent.
Take some Grammar:
Prototype driverless cars have already driven millions of miles accident-free, but only time will tell if consumers believe they should.
EN-EN Vocabulary
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Further Info:
[1] Q: Skills for Success 3 / Reading and Writing - Colin S. Ward & Margot F.Gramer (3rd Edition)
[2] Oxford 3000 <https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com>
[3] Dictionary.com, <https://www.dictionary.com/>
[4] Naver dictionary <https://dict.naver.com>
[5] Online etymology dictionary <https://www.etymonline.com>
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